The Valuation of Collateral in Bank Lending

Stephan Luck and João A. C. Santos

♦ We study the valuation of collateral by comparing spreads on loans by the same bank, to the same borrower, at the same origination date, but backed by different types of collateral. Pledging collateral reduces borrowing costs by 23 basis points on average. The effect varies across different types of collateral, with marketable securities being most valuable, and real estate, accounts receivables and inventory being more valuable than fixed assets and a blanket lien. Further, the rate reduction from pledging collateral is sensitive to the value of the underlying collateral, and collateral tends to be more valuable for smaller and private firms and for loans with longer maturity.

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